Just a quick note for everyone missing the log files location of Microsoft Intune On-Premises Exchange Connector, seems like there is no documentation on where those files exists. and they are very useful for debugging this component.
This info came from a support case I’ve had with the on-premises connector 
Anyhow:
- Log files are here – C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Intune Exchange Connector\
- If you wish to enable verbose tracing for more advanced debugging do the following:
- Open the Exchange Connector tracing configuration file. The file is located at: %ProgramData%\Microsoft\Windows Intune Exchange Connector\TracingConfiguration.xml
- Locate the TraceSourceLine with the following key: OnPremisesExchangeConnectorService
- Change the SourceLevel node value from Warning ActivityTracing (the default) to Verbose ActivityTracing.
<TraceSourceLine>
<Key xsi:type="xsd:string">OnPremisesExchangeConnectorService</Key>
<Value xsi:type="TraceSource">
<SourceLevel>All</SourceLevel>
<Listeners>
<Listener>
<ListenerType>CircularTraceListener</ListenerType>
<SourceLevel>Verbose ActivityTracing</SourceLevel>
<FileSizeQuotaInBytes>10000000</FileSizeQuotaInBytes>
<FileName>Microsoft\Windows Intune Exchange Connector\Logs\Connector.svclog</FileName>
<FileQuota>30</FileQuota>
</Listener>
</Listeners>
</Value>
</TraceSourceLine>
It is important to note that the ActivityTracing setting should remain or be included with ANY value that is set for the setting.
enjoy
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